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(2008, 2900 words)
The paper describes the experiment of testing how age-of-acquisition (AoA) and familiarity affect word recognition during the reading process. The theories of the dual-route model of reading and lexical decision task (LDT) are reviewed; the research findings are discussed making conclusions about predictors of word recognition speed in LDT.
(2007, 1500 words)
The paper examines genetic and environmental impacts on personality traits and the stability of individual characteristics. Psychological and biological theories of personality are reviewed including the theory of Eysenck, Tong, etc., discussing the problems of personality disorder, etc.
(2006, 1500 words)
The paper examines the features of the short term memory (STM) reviewing theoretical opinions about the types of memory, STM retrieval, the process of forgetting, etc. A study is conducted to identify the effects of interference on the short term memory recall.
(2006, 1500 words)
The paper examines the stages of children's development reviewing related psychological literature and discussing the impacts of Piaget's theory of cognitive development, conceptual shifts of the mind, discovery learning in children, etc.
(2006, 1500 words)
The paper examines the types of image processing in visual perception identifying top-down and bottom-up processing and presenting a review of related academic literature explaining the nature of visual illusions.
(2005, 1500 words)
Signal Detection Theory investigates how we perceive stimuli when we are uncertain of its presence, and instructional bias is how we can be biased in our perception of this stimuli. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects that two different sets of instructions have on two groups of people when deciding whether or not stimuli had been presented previously and they are unsure of the correct answer. The conclusion drawn is that the instructions given affected the participants’ criterion for judging the stimuli.
(2006, 2000 words)
The paper examines the gender aspects of the human cognitive ability reviewing psychological studies related to male and female intelligence and focusing on psychometric tests. An experiment is conducted among university students to test whether women have superiority in verbal abilities and male have superiority in visual-spatial and mathematical abilities.
(2005, 5000 words)
The paper examines the role of minimal interactions in making a ‘snap’ judgment of an individual’s personality known as ‘Zero Acquaintance’ discussing the type of communicated information, the accuracy of the initial first impressions and their effects on social outcomes. Academic literature is reviewed touching on the topics of personality, deception, attractiveness, gender, etc. The evolutionary significance of judgements at Zero Acquaintance is argued.
(2006, 1500 words)
The paper analyses the psychological aspects of intelligence reviewing the development of the intelligence testing movement in Europe and the theories of intelligence including the hierarchical models of intellect, multiple factor theory of intelligence, the basic components of human information processing, etc.
(2006, 2000 words)
The paper examines the nature of human emotion offering a review of theories related to emotions focusing on Lazarus’s theory of cognitive emotional appraisal and Zajonc’s theory of rapid and unconscious appraisal. Arguments for and against each theory are presented.
(2006, 2000 words)
The paper examines the concept of heuristics, or rules of thumb – an informal analytical process based on experience and common sense. The mechanisms of heuristic judgment are outlined; its positive and negative outcomes are discussed providing examples of poor and successful decisions based on cognitive shortcuts.
(2006, 1500 words)
The paper reviews the studies of dyslexia, specific learning and reading difficulties, arguing whether it has a genetic basis, discussing the phonological theory, the methods of phonological intervention to treat dyslexics, IQ related theories, etc. The issues of emotional distress for dyslexics and their families are addressed.
(2006, 3000 words)
The paper examines the effect of word frequency and the information channel on free memory recall reviewing academic literature on the theories of memory and information storage, and conducting an experiment to identify the effectiveness of the media (pictorial/visual/auditory) and frequency (high/low) in noun recall.
(2006, 4500 words)
The paper compares the methods of self-analysis in the works of Sigmund Freud (The Interpretation of Dreams) and Jean-Jacques Rousseau (The Confessions) relating their main ideas, and reviewing critics’ attitudes to both works and their authors.
(2005, 2300 words)
The area in which this experiment covered was attention, and specifically the study of divided attention and task-similarity. It is known that two tasks which are dissimilar are performed easier as compared when two tasks are similar. Two tasks are similar if they use the same resources in the cognitive factors of a human being. Placing too much requirements on a resource decreases the ability to perform two tasks simultaneously but if two tasks are dissimilar, and therefore require attention from different resources, the task will be performed in a better way. This is what this experiment takes a close look at.
(2006, 5500 words)
The paper examines the outcomes of the US presidential elections in 2000 seeking to provide socio-psychological explanations for the popularity of George W. Bush and applying the cognitive dissonance theory proposed by L. Festinger in 1950s, to the behaviour of the American electorate.
(2006, 2000 words)
The paper analyses the concept of intelligence reporting on the evolution in philosophic and psychological perceptions of intelligence from traditional approaches by Spearman, Thurstone, Cattel, etc., to more recent theories by Guilford, Vernon & Carroll, Sternberg, Gardner, etc. Traditional and modern understanding of intelligence is compared.
(2005, 4500 words)
The paper examines the relationship between latent inhibition (LI), psychoticism (P) and creativity reviewing academic literature on the nature of divergent thinking, schizotypy, openness, IQ, etc. The authors hypotheses about the correlation between LI, P and creativity in visual artists are tested using psychometric, intelligence and divergent thinking measuring scales.
(2005, 3500 words)
The paper examines the influence of moderate alcohol intake on motor skills arguing the existence of a link between the type of skill ‘storage (i.e. in implicit or explicit memory) and performance under stress. A review of literature on cognitive psychology is offered; a study of an experimental group performance is conducted; conclusions are made about the advantages of the skill acquired by coaching over the skill acquired by self-training.
(2006, 4000 words)
The paper seeks to understand if creativity is related to psychosis providing a review of opinions on the relationship between personality and creativity, creativity and psychoticism, latent inhibition (LI), domains of personality with the focus on openness and divergent thinking (DT), etc. The authors hypothesis is tested on visual artists; the methods, apparatus, procedure and results of the test are reported on and discussed.
(2005, 1500 words)
This paper is a critical evaluation of Piagets theory of cognitive development. Initially, Piagets theory is described in detail, and then a description of the methods that Piaget used is given. Next, an evaluation of the main criticisms of Piagets theories is given, especially from habituation studies. Finally, Jean Piagets significance is outlined in the field of child development and cognitive psychology
(2005, 2000 words)
The paper examines the link between history and memory in giving objective accounts of the Holocaust. A review of academic opinions on the subject is given; differences in narratives of the major historical events are discussed; the ability to reconstruct the past through sources is argued.
(2004, 1000 words)
The paper looks into perceptual processes identifying the differences between conscious and unconscious perception. A review of approaches for distinguishing conscious perception from unconscious perception is given; the concept of implicit learning is discussed. The positions of leading theorists in the field are acknowledged.
(2005, 1500 words)
Learning and memorisation have been of great interest to researchers in the fields of behaviourist and cognitive psychology. This essay examines the processes of learning and memorisation, the difficulties of studying these issues, and issues that arise when considering theories that have been developed about these processes, and the reliability and validity of studies into these areas of psychology.
(2005, 1700 words)
This paper begins with a short reference to the cognitive term of memory. It illustrates several theories related to memory following a chronological approach. The theories of Bartlett are mentioned but more recent approaches such as the work of Baddeley are also put down. The way information are stored to the brain through the short-term memory and long-term memory systems are what is mainly stated. The final part of this essay deals with memory and learning strategies. Methods through which learning and memory recalling can be improved are mentioned and implication related to education are put down (with some suggestions for teachers).
(2005, 1000 words)
The paper examines the sources of information people use in language production and comprehension. It is assumed that language comprehension is related to creating plans with expectations and goals, which is based on prior knowledge and memory (understanding and recall). The paper claims that the basic sources of language comprehension are grammar, schemas (organised áchunks of information) and story structures.
(2004, 2000 words)
This essay refers to the two of conflicting views on perception models of Broadbent and Treisman, oppose to Deutsch & Deutsch, and Norman. Apart from those essay look into different theories aiming to discover if it is possible, and indeed accurate to distinguish between perception and response models of attention.
(2003, 1800 words)
This paper is rooted in the perception controversy born towards the latter end of World War II, when the dominant view - resting as it did upon the rather vague assumption that the brain was responsible for reconstructing coherent and contiguous experience from reduced sensory information - was challenged by a revisionary conceptual framework forwarded by J J Gibson called in which the usual assumed mechanisms reducing content exchanged between mind and world are dispensed with in favour of unusual but crucial notions of "affordances" and "direct perception". We examine these and other fundamental notions (eg invariant information, optic arrays) within Gibson's theory in the light of the experimental record, before considering the benefits and pitfalls of evolutionary framework whence it rose. Finally, we consider the overall contribution of Gibson's paradigm to perception research, with considerations for its improvement.
(2003, 2000 words)
This paper critically considers the perception and response models of attention, basing on the models and theories developed by Treisman, Eysenck, Broadbent, Kahneman and other scholars. It will also analyse some alternative theories in attempting to discover if it is possible, and accurate to distinguish between perception and response models of attention.
(2003, 1500 words)
These essays give overview of Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence and critically analyses it.
(2003, 2500 words)
This essay critically considers the perception models proposed by Broadbent and Treisman, together with the conflicting response models presented by Deutsch & Deutsch, and Norman. It then analyses some alternative theories in attempt to discover if it is possible to distinguish between perception and response models of attention.
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