The paper examines achondroplasia, or dwarfism, a gene mutation that causes inherited skeletal disorders indicating fibroblast growth factors and describing the process of mutation in FGFR3 receptor.
The paper addresses the problems related to cloning offering a reflection on the possible outcomes of human cloning and the implications of the identity between the clone and its original. It is argued whether clones would be the same as twins.
The paper examines the difference in visuo-spatial ability between males and females reviewing socio-cultural and biological/evolutionary approaches to gender. Differences between males and females in describing a route marked out on a map are studied supporting the biological/evolutionary approach. Limitations and implications of the study are discussed where it is advised that, although the study shows advantages in this skill for males, this should be regarded as a tendency rather than an absolute.
The paper examines the group of metalloenzymes known as cytochrome P450s (CYP450) describing their physical properties, catalytic cycle, etc. Oxidation enzymes COX and MMO are considered.
The paper examines the role of hormones in the regulation of blood glucose under normal bodily conditions discussing the features of the two chief hormones that are important in the homeostasis of blood glucose regulation, i.e. insulin and glucagon.
The paper examines Darwin's theory of evolution arguing whether the process of natural selection and adaptation to the environment is still relevant today. The processes of heredity and mutation are defined; the phenomenon of reciprocal altruism is analysed; arguments are presented against the applicability of Darwin's theory to modern life.
The paper looks at the physical manifestations of death outlining the grounds for the pronouncement of clinical death, stating that clinical death does not necessarily imply biological death, and examining the procedure of organ preservation. It is argued whether freezing and human cryogenic preservation can be used in the future as a reviving technique.
The paper looks at the roots of personality differences examining their dependence on the endocrine system and genetic make-up. The scope of behaviour genetics and evolutionary theory is described arguing which factors shape the differences in people's characters.
The paper examines carbohydrate, lipid and protein structures describing how condensation and hydrolysis reaction takes place. The differences are explored between amylose, amylopectin, glycogen and cellulose structures; triglycerides and phospholipids; globular and fibrous proteins, etc.
The paper looks at the life cycle of multicellular organisms, namely, the Palemon elegans, Balanus balanoides, spiders, Danaus plexippus, and Dictyoptera.
The paper examines the cellular mechanisms of sexual reproduction considering their disadvantages and advantages over asexual reproduction and outlining their success factors during natural selection.
The paper examines the features of extremophiles, the microbes growing in extreme environments, focusing on those that grow at extreme temperatures, both hot and cold; their techniques of survival are described.
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