C/N/103. Treatment options in phenylketonuria

This essay considers the condition of phenylketonuria from the point of view of dietary control. It looks at the biochemical background of phenylketonuria and the implications for tyrosine replacement. It considers the various formulations of proteins used for replacement and also considers the clinical effects of dietary restriction on the eventual intellectual attainment.

C/N/100. Issues relating to conscious sedation in the field of endoscopy and colonoscopy

In this essay we consider a brief history of both flexible fibro-optic endoscopy and conscious sedation and consider aspects of the procedure such as risk assessment, assessment of state of sedation with a number of different assessment tools. We discuss the importance of patient monitoring and the provision of guidelines for practice and we conclude with a chapter on reversal agents and their use. The whole is fully referenced.

S/N/61. Grounding your discussion in clinical practice, critically analyse a concept and discuss how this relates to a nursing diagnosis

The paper examines the role of the nursing diagnosis in making a clinical judgment about a patient. A model case study is described to illustrate the phases in establishing a therapeutic relationship and to discuss nurses' empathetic attitudes, intuition, etc.

S/N/59. Assessment strategy for patients with chronic pain

The paper examines the condition of chronic pain conducting a case study of a multi dimensional approach to pain treatment in the Orthopaedic Hospital and describing their health care system with the focus on the problem areas in pain management. A research is conducted in the focus group of professionals directly or indirectly involved with chronic pain patients analyzing their strategy in implementing chronic pain assessment.

S/N/58. Compare Electromyographical (EMG) activity of Vastus Medialis Obliquus (VMO) during terminal knee extension with the knee in neutral and external rotation

The paper examines the activity of the Vastus Medialis Obliquus (VMO) muscle group during terminal knee extension reviewing related medical literature and discussing the issues of measuring muscle activity. A study is conducted using the Electromyography (EMG) technique aimed to contribute to the rehabilitation therapy of the VMO after knee problem.

S/N/57. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for Low Back pain

The paper looks at the low back pain (LBP) examining the therapy known as Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and describing its neurophysiologic basis. Clinical benefits of TENS are discussed; a study is conducted to determine the effectiveness of the treatment within two experimental groups of LBP patients treated with conventional TENS and with sham TENS.

S/N/56. Efficacy of Ultrasound in Osteoarthritis knee: Case study

The paper examines osteoarthritis (OA) in the knee joint evaluating the effectiveness of its ultrasound (US) treatment. The effects of US are scientifically explained and categorized; clinical applications of the US therapy are described and critically discussed.

S/N/55. Acute pain: Assessment and Measurement

The paper examines the methods of assessing and measuring pain defining the nature of pain and focusing on pain management techniques. Dimensions of pain evaluation are outlined including sensory, cognitive, motivational, behavioural, etc. The features of self reports as pain measurement tools are discussed. A case study is conducted to assess pain in a post operative patient.

S/N/54. Efficacy of Lumbar Traction in Low Back Pain: Systematic Review of the Literature

The paper examines the therapy for low back pain (LBP) known as Lumbar Traction defining the types of traction and reviewing literature on the medical effects of lumbar traction and their scientific justification.

S/N/50. Genetic Basis of Spontaneous and Familial Cancer

The paper looks into the mechanism of carcinogenesis discussing the genes that are the principle targets of mutations, the mechanisms of cell growth regulation, the features of tumour suppressing genes, the possibilities for DNA repair, etc.

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