S/L/213. Criminal Damage: coinciding of Actus Reus and Mens Rea

The paper examines objective and subjective approaches to recklessness in criminal damage cases discussing the intention to cause damage, the ability to foresee the consequences of one's actions, and the 'reasonable man test' established by Caldwell as a turning point with regards to the mens rea of criminal damage.

C/L/293. Insider dealing as criminal offence

The paper presents a law case study related to insider dealing. Offences that can be committed under Criminal Justice Act 1993 (CJA 1993) are indicated providing definitions of insider dealing and insider information, considering the consequence of insider dealing, and applying them to the analysed case.

C/L/218. Application of presumption of innocence

The paper looks at the threats that are being exerted on the common law presumption of innocence within the criminal law of England. It also looks at the effect that Article 6(2) of the European Convention on Human Rights.

C/L/175. Development and objectives of non-fatal, non-sexual crimes against a person

This essay looks at the development of non-fatal, non-sexual crimes against a person under English law. A historical overview is provided illustrating how the law has sought to achieve the objectives of society at various stages of its development. Psychological, social and physical aspects of crime are discussed.

C/L/174. Consent and Submission in the offence of rape

The essay looks at the connection made in the law of rape between submission and consent and criticises the law from a feminist perspective as it fails to give sufficient meaning to a woman's consent to sex and views women as passive participants in acts of a sexual nature.

S/PS/104. Describe and discuss the contribution which the psychologist can make to one of the areas dealt with in the fields of applied psychology module. Discuss one example in detail including the relevance of research as well as evidence of practical applications

The paper addresses the problems of forensic psychology examining the features of human behaviour related to the legal process. Literature is reviewed on evaluating the eyewitness testimony, the competency for trial, etc.

S/L/143. 'The Criminal Justice System in England and Wales is in a state of almost continuous change'. Discuss this statement by relating a debate of your choice to the Crime Control vs. Due Process debate.

The paper reports on the debate around the two models of a criminal justice system known as Crime Control (based on the presumption of guilt) and Due Process (based on the presumption of innocence). Both models are described and discussed with reference to the related legislation of England and Wales.

S/L/141. Criminal liability: case study

The paper examines a case of criminal liability for unlawful homicide providing the summary of the crime, identifying the possibilities for the prosecution and outlining the possible lines of defence.

S/L/138. 'PACE (The Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984) is the single most significant landmark in the modern development of police powers'. Reiner, 2000, p. 176. Discuss.

The paper examines the role of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE) in the development of the UK police force. An overview of the police related legislation is presented including the Police Act 1996, the Police and Magistrates Court Act 1994, the Royal Commission on Criminal Procedure (the Phillips commission), etc.

C/L/148. 'The fudge, initiated in Hancock and which reached its apogee in Nedrick as to whether intention is a state of mind which can be inferred from foresight of probability or, if not probability, then virtual certainty, or whether foresight of virtual certainty is a form of intention has been eradicated. The House of Lords in Woollin has firmly nailed its colours to the mast of the latter'

This assignment requires us to consider the statement above and whether or not we agree with this statement. In order to discuss this reference will be made to these three cases in detail and other relevant case law, then it will be concluded that like the author of this paper, it is not agreed that the House of Lords have firmly nailed its colours to the mast of the latter and that the law in this area still remains as uncertain and unclear as it ever was.

C/L/132. STRICT LIABILITY – PRINCIPLES CONTRARY TO CRIMINAL LAW?

This assignment will discuss the various crimes which impose strict liability. It then goes on to consider the general principles that underlie criminal law and consider whether or not strict liability is contrary to these principles. It will be concluded that crimes of strict liability are contrary to principles of criminal law, and furthermore this is a unwelcome deviation from the principles of criminal law. This assignment will conclude by making suggestions for the reform of the law in this area.

E/L/44. Should "White Collar Crime" be treated differently by law enforcement to any other type of crime?

The paper examines the so called White Collar Crime (WCC) in the UK providing its academic and legal definitions, and reviewing cases of street crime and card fraud in relation to WC criminals.

C/L/122. The weakness in the current definitions of intention and recklessness requires Parliament to put in place statutory definitions. Discuss with reference to decided case law and law reform arguments.

This work considers the definitions of intention and recklessness in the context of the law of homicide. It considers their progress judicially over the last century. It discusses the weaknesses and strengths in judicial definition. This work then considers whether or not these two important definitions need to be set out in a statute in order to provide clarity. This section begins by looking at the Law Commissions proposals for the reform of Homicide, in particular their suggestions for definitions of both intention and recklessness. This work argues that the current judicial definitions of both intention and recklessness are inadequate. Neither concept has been legislatively defined nor have judicial attempts to define the two concepts resulted in clarity, certainty, consistency or agreement.

S/L/158. Under what circumstances would a hypothetical rational person commit an unlawful act? Illustrate your answer with reference to the civil and/or criminal law. Can an unlawful act ever be reasonable?

The paper examines social and psychological motivations behind unlawful acts reviewing academic literature on the outcomes of preferential behaviour, expected utility of an action, anticipation of punishment, addiction to illegal drugs, etc.

S/L/156. The principles governing imposition of criminal liability on corporate bodies are in urgent need of legislative reform. Discuss.

The paper examines the problem of reforming the principles of corporate criminal liability in the UK. The techniques of prosecuting a company for a criminal act are reviewed outlining the areas of concern and describing the suggested reform. The arguments in favour and against the reform are presented.

S/L/119. Is zero-tolerance policing a 'short time fix' or a 'long term liability'?

The paper examines the style of the police service known as 'zero-tolerance' arguing whether an unattended neighbourhood with unchecked disorderly behaviour attracts more serious crime ('broken windows' theory). Literature is reviewed on the relationship between disorder and fear, zero-tolerance ('nipping in the bud') policing, policing practices in New York, etc.

S/S/81. Analysis of the Drugs Act 2005

The paper examines the UK government legislation related to drugs reviewing the key provisions of the Drugs Act 2005 and presenting its critical assessment.

S/L/108. Justice in criminal process

The paper examines the ways of maximising fairness and justice in the criminal process discussing the Human Rights Act 1998 and analyzing the cases found to be miscarriages of justice. Revisions of legislation aimed to prevent miscarriages of justice and the breach of human rights are discussed.

S/L/118. Discuss the difficulties posed by the 'dark figure' of crime. What attempts have been made to uncover the dark figure of crime and how successful have these been?

The paper examines the challenges of uncovering the unknown ('dark') figure of crime speculating on the inadequacy of criminal statistics, and discussing options for a more efficient criminal justice system. Examples of national and local crime surveys are presented.

S/L/115. Why has organized crime become a major phenomenon worldwide since the 1960's?

The paper examines the causes of the growth of organized crime in the United States reviewing respective legislative acts, highlighting the measures of dealing with organized crime, describing the features of illegitimate gangs, outlining the trends in the world industry of organized crime, etc.

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