C/L/290. Death Penalty: Can State Killing be legitimized?

The paper examines the controversial approaches to death penalty as an ultimate punishment presenting arguments in favour and against death penalty. The merits and faults of both sides of the debate are considered arguing whether the state can legitimately take away one of the individual's fundamental human rights, life.

S/L/102. Explaining Conflicts of Interest in the Criminal Justice System Using the Due Process and Crime Control Models

This paper examines the debate that the due process and crime control models within the criminological sphere are too simplistic to resolve the conflict of interests found in the current criminal justice system (CJS). It further addresses the viewpoint of Herbert Packer (1969), the criminologist responsible for the development of the models and applies his explanations and the debate to the contemporary CJS and explains why these paradigms are too simplistic in their scope.

S/L/99. Explain, analyse and evaluate the role to be played by the International Criminal Court [ICC] in the investigation and prosecution of serious crimes of international concern.

This essay explains the role of the ICC and how it came about. It then goes on to address its advantages and disadvantages and considers the role it plays in modern society. It also considers in detail the reasons why USA has not joined and analyses the impact of this.

P/L/183. Territorial distribution of property crimes within cities

The paper examines the distribution of criminal activities between neighbourhoods focusing on territorial disparities in property crimes rates. Explanations for the concentration of crimes within cities are offered at micro- and macro- economic levels.

P/L/172. How effective is the protection of Harassment Act?

The paper addresses the legal issues of harassment providing its definitions, interpreting the protection of Harassment Act 1997 and discussing the effectiveness of the Act from the perspectives of appropriate timing of police actions, the awareness of the legal protection among the victims, appropriate prosecution, sentencing and execution.

P/L/139. Review of opinions around special measures available under YJCE Act 1999

The paper examines the issues related to the impact of special measures available under Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (YJCE Act), on witnesses. The background of the special measures is reviewed; academic opinions about the subject are discussed touching upon the right to a fair trial, the convention on Human Rights, child protection, etc.

P/L/132. Medical and legal issues of insanity defence

The paper addresses the issues of insanity defence treating a mental disease as a relief from criminal responsibility. Approaches towards insanity defence are reviewed discussing the term ‘disease of the mind’, and the UK legislation and law practices related to the topic.

P/L/129. Domestic violence towards women: causes and protection

The paper addresses the issue of domestic violence providing its definition and discussing it with respect to women victims. The reasons behind domestic violence are examines on the basis of a literature review; legislation on domestic violence is discussed highlighting the role of the government and offering recommendations to improve current policies related to domestic violence.

E/L/11. Forms of involuntary manslaughter

The paper examines types of involuntary manslaughter reviewing court cases and discussing legal problems related to the causes of gross negligence manslaughter, namely, a breach of the duty of care, recklessness, etc.

P/L/122. Does defendant’s loneliness influence jury decision?

The paper examines extra-legal factors influencing the jury decision conducting a mock trial on the offence of armed robbery and arguing whether a lonely defendant is more likely to be judged guilty than a non-lonely defendant. The findings of the experiment are discussed on the basis of a literature review on the influence of gender, race and loneliness on juror judgement.

P/L/120. Scarman Report and police actions during Brixton riots: criticism and recommendations

The paper examines responses to the Brixton riots in April 1981 reviewing the Scarman Report that documented criticisms of the police and recommendations in the areas of recruitment, training, accountability, consultation and policing methods.

P/L/114. Crime within young people and ethnic minorities

The paper reviews sociological and criminological studies on the issues of crime within young people and ethnic minorities explaining why certain social groups are more likely to commit crimes and arguing the existence of bias in the contemporary criminal justice system.

P/L/106. Insanity pleas: Aristotelian concept of blame vs. modern legal views

The paper examines the claims of being in an insane state while committing a crime (insanity plea) giving juridical definitions to actions caused by ignorance and actions done in ignorance, referring to the views of Aristotle on ‘akrasia and to the modern views on clinical insanity, temperance, etc.

C/L/83. Offences Against the Person Act

This essay considers the offences against the person including assault, battery, psychiatric injuries and GBH. Academic debate is scrutinized, especially in terms of the on-going debate of infecting HIV and venereal diseases as being a form of GBH. As a problem question, it identifies various scenarios whereby OAP arises and also considers the need to accept the Law Commissions suggestions that encompasses most types of psychiatric illness.

P/L/101. Should children be treated like adult criminals? (review of Scottish criminal law)

The paper surveys Scottish criminal law focusing on the provisions to accommodate different classes of the accused and arguing whether children must be treated in the same way as other criminals. A theoretical review touches upon the principles of legal and criminal responsibility, the theory of punishment, capacity theory, Scottish jurisdiction related to children, etc.

C/L/79. Law relating to Theft and obtaining property by Deception

This problem essay examines the law relating to theft for nearly all types of theft scenario. It investigates in significant depth the offence of obtaining property by deception. There is also an analysis of case-law which cross-examines theory to practice and asks whether the actus reus is sufficient for the offence of OPD

P/L/95. Criminal sentencing: rules vs. discretion

The paper examines the purposes of criminal sentencing providing a review of legislation on sentencing and illustrating the dilemma between the formal rules of the sentencing process, and the discretional power of judges and prosecutors, i.e. between objectivity and subjectivity. Racial disparity in sentencing is discussed.

C/L/73. Interim Report for Dissertation on Youth Justice and Sentencing

This interim framework considers the literature review, methodology and obstacles for a dissertation on youth crime. It considers various legal writings including journals, academic texts and statistics as well as formulates a hypothesis which is suitable for further investigation. The framework provided evaluates academic views as well as encompasses various theories to form a single theory of evaluation.

P/L/87. UK sentencing practices

The paper analyses the sentences provided under the Criminal Justice Act (2003). The purposes of sentencing are identified; punishment of offenders, reduction of crime, reform and rehabilitation, public protection are discussed; the role of the Sentencing Guidelines Council is commented on.

P/L/86. Court practices in England and Wales

The paper seeks to define if human rights are properly upheld in England and Wales pointing out that the majority of criminal cases there are heard in the magistrates courts with no jury trail. The advantages and disadvantages of the jury system are discussed; sentencing practices and in England and Wales are reviewed; the issues of national security and media coverage of trails are addressed.

C/L/65. Mens rea and actus reus: are blurred together when it comes to establishing elements of crime in cases.

This essay argues that when it comes to establishing the two main elements of crime such as actus reus and mens rea it is immaterial to distinguish what exactly is an act and what is a mental element in great depth, what is needed is to have the elements and then to prove them. Valid examples are provided which not only illustrate the point mentioned above, but also show that actus reus and mens rea go together in the majority of cases, and that it will be difficult to convict someone of the crime where there is only and act or only intent to commit such act, both have to be present for a person to be held criminally responsible.

P/L/79. UK legislation on money laundering

The paper examines the laws against providing a legitimate cover for criminal sources of money making known as ‘money laundering. An overview of the UK legislation related to money laundering and drug trafficking is given; the disadvantages of the forfeiture laws are outlined. Arguments in support of the criminalisation of money laundering are discussed.

S/L/42. Critically evaluate the principles governing the law on Intoxication

This paper analyses and critically evaluates all of the existing principles governing the law on intoxication with leading case law included.

P/L/74. English legislation on unfitness to plead

The paper analyses the provisions of the English Criminal Law that allow the accused to avoid being fully responsible for their actions. The development of the legislation dealing with unfitness to plead is discussed highlighting the weaknesses of the Criminal Procedure (Insanity) Act 1964 and Mental Health Act 1983, and providing examples of individual case studies.

C/L/63. Criminal Law Essay

This work is split into two different parts. The first part deals with a problem question which requires one to consider offences of section 47 and section 20 of the Offences Against the Persons Act 1861. In particular, it also requires one to consider the defences that are open to those charged with these types of offences. In this particular scenario, I have considered consent as a defence. I have looked at consent in the context of sado-masochistic activities that have resulted in harm caused to one or more of the parties involved, and also the courts approach to these types of offences. In the second part of this essay, I have looked at intoxication as a defence. I have explained the nature of intoxication, the different kinds of intoxication, and the circumstances in which intoxication, as a defence, can be employed by the defendant, to negate liability for an offence with which he has been charged.

C/L/59. Outline the major crime control or major criminal justice issues that are faced by the advanced democratic countries

It is argued that although there are many methods of controlling criminal activities, such as legislation and policing for example, there are various other more important issues that have to be regulated such as parental discipline, poverty and unemployment for example, before the above mentioned methods will be working effectively and the overall aim of the crime reduction will be achieved. The author chose the most important and the oldest methods of crime control; punishment, penalty and sentencing and analysed and evaluated what effect they have at present time, hence providing an adequate answer for the essay question.

P/L/59. Theoretical approach to juvenile delinquency

The paper touches upon the problem of juvenile delinquency offering a review of theories related to the subject, i.e. the theory of anomie; the theory of social ecology; the labelling theory, neo-Marxist style theories, etc. Delinquent sub-cultures are discussed within the framework of these theories pointing out the flaws of some arguments.

C/L/23. Criminal Law Case Study Assignment: actus reus (a guilty act) and mens rea (guilty mind)

This work consists of two answers; the first to the problem question, the second is the answer to the essay question. The second part of the work is the answer to the essay question that requites the examination of 'intention' in the light of the case of R v Woollin, together with reference to all other relevant authorities, and to determine whether the current law on intention is clear and satisfactory. The problem involves there different parties that did or did not start the chain of actions that resulted in the death of the little girl. The problem question raises the most fundamental elements of the criminal law actus reus (guilty act) and mens rea (guilty mind). Further the problem raised causation and what will amount to break of the chain of causation relevant to the problem question, recklessness (Cunningham) and omissions. All of which are discussed with reference to the relevant authorities and where appropriate applied to the offence of manslaughter.

P/L/46. Is it necessary to reform corporate liability for manslaughter?

The paper deals with the legal aspects of reforming corporate liability for manslaughter arguing whether it is necessary to prosecute corporations culpable for deaths of innocents, rather than prosecute individuals. Another debatable issue is whether corporate liability for manslaughter should be regarded within the framework of criminal law (that aims to punish) or civil law (that aims to compensate). Legal procedures such as fines, remedial orders, etc. are reviewed; the currently used doctrine of identification is discussed. The paper claims that the proposed law reform in this area is unnecessary and gives the reasons why it is so.

S/L/23. Abolition of Public Executions in England and Wales

This essay considers the socio-political background to the abolition of public execution in England and Wales and the impact of that legislation.

C/L/11. 'Stephen, in his Digest of the Criminal Law (4th edn, 1887) art 212, stated the general rule for offences against the person as follows: 'It is not a crime to cause death or bodily injury, even intentionally, by any omission…' Discuss.

Through the course of this essay a lot of valuable case law will be produced to show that almost in all the cases that reach the courts, omissions will be of a more serious nature than lets say a mere negligence and not as simple as the example of the 'drowning boy'. Consequently arguing that although at first Stephen's quote seems reasonable, in reality omissions to act are capable of constituting a criminal offence.

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