S/P/284. 'Humanitarian organisations have lost their distinct role and identity', discuss

The paper examines the changing role of humanitarian organisations (HO) since the end of the Cold War discussing the challenges to the principles of humanitarianism, HO strategies of coping with the changes, the activities of the UN Security Council, the European Community Humanitarian Organization (ECHO), etc., and the practices of HO towards the events in Rwanda, Kosovo, Iraq, Afghanistan, etc.

S/P/242. What determines success and failure in United Nations 'Peacekeeping'?

The paper examines the concept of international peacekeeping introduced by the United Nations assessing successes and failures of the peacekeeping operations, the methods used in the missions, etc. UN missions during the Rwandan and Cambodian Genocide are discussed.

C/E/190. Globalisation and the Traditional Borders of the World Economy

The paper examines the effect of globalisation on the traditional borders of nation states and their firms within the world economy, focusing on the role of the GATT and WTO in liberalising trade. The effects of the strategic trade policy and the extent to which these institutions have forced nation states to adjust to new trading environment are discussed.

C/E/191. Lynn argues that globalisation has resulted in the 'end of the traditional borders that existed for so long' in the world economy. Do you agree that these 'traditional borders' have disappeared?

The paper examines the effect of globalisation on the traditional borders of nation states and their firms within the world economy, focusing on the role of the GATT and WTO in liberalising trade. The effects of the strategic trade policy and the extent to which these institutions have forced nation states to adjust to new trading environment are discussed.

E/P/31. Legal advice on joining World Trade Organization

The paper offers a legal advice to the prime minister of an imaginary developing country about joining the World Trade Organization (WTO). The principles of the GATT/WTO are discussed; its role in the country's economic development is analysed, the position of the non-governmental organizations (NGO) on the issue is assessed.

S/P/112. ‘International Organisations are not independent actors; they are merely the instruments of their most powerful members’. Discuss

To explore this theme one must firstly determine what affects International Organisations have had upon states and their national interests, and more crucially if it is fundamentally possible for an organisation to act on decisions made, truly independently of its members. Secondly, one must determine whether individual states have been able to pursue their own national interests disregarding others under the banner of an international organisation to legitimate their actions. Through doing this one could qualify the true ability of an international organisation to be independent whilst exposing examples of members using them simply as another instrument in their foreign policy arsenal.

P/P/308. Regional economic integration: pros and cons

The paper examines the concept of regional economic integration identifying its forms and levels, discussing the benefits and problems of the Free Trade Area, analysing an example of EU as an economic union, reviewing international strategies of UK businesses, cultural and political issues of the international markets, etc.

P/P/256. History of World Bank

The paper looks at the activities of the World Bank (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development – IBRD) over the first decade of its existence reviewing the historical background of the post-war period, the implications of the Bretton Woods conference, the roots of the US dominance in the World Bank, IBRD loan conditions, conflicting views on IBRD evaluation, etc.

P/P/255. Role of regional organisations in humanitarian intervention

The paper examines the role of regional organisations in promoting peace and security reviewing the mission of the international organisations, i.e. UNO, NATO, ECOWAS, etc., their problems in conducting humanitarian interventions and the ways in which regional organisations can support these operations. The benefits of using local troops in a crisis are discussed. The legitimacy of the ECOWAS intervention in Liberia and the Australian intervention in East Timor is argued.

P/P/251. Rwandan genocide: why international community did not prevent it

The paper looks at the Rwandan genocide in 1994 seeking to identify why it was not prevented by the international community. The reasons for the apathy among the US and European policymakers and the failure of the UN Secretariat to act on their intelligence are discussed.

C/P/39. United Nations Failure as a Primary Tool against International Peace and Security (1990- to date)

The following work is based on identifying reasons behind United Nations failure to ensure its role as remedy to restore and managed international peace and security. It encircles arguments of different experts along with support from examples taken from UN peace and security missions in Afghanistan, Bosnia and East Timor.

P/P/206. Role of international organisations in regional economic integration

The paper looks at the nature of economic agreements as a strategy to adapt to economic integration and cross-cultural marketing. The issues of regional economic integration (REI) are addressed relating its history, benefits and management practices. An overview of the European Union (EU), Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is provided pointing out the challenges and outcomes of their activity.

P/P/166. Western contribution in Russias democracy

The paper investigates the problems of establishing democracy in post-communism Russia. The role of Western states foreign policy towards Russia is discussed. Western involvement in promoting democracy in Russia is analysed at various levels including the level of multinational organizations (IMF, World Bank, EBRD, OSCE, EU), non-governmental organizations and sovereign states (USA, Germany).

P/P/94. United Nations and Rwanda crisis in 1994

The paper presents an overview of the Rwanda crisis in 1994 where the whole ethnic group of the Tutsi was slaughtered. The author argues that the major world massacres that took place in the end of the XX century showed that the United Nations Organization has little power in dealing with genocide. The paper contends that nowadays UN seems to be powerless without US support for action.

C/P/25. The world trading system and the North-South dialogue

The essay addresses the structural effects of the international trade for the developing and the least developed countries from the theoretical angles of the underdevelopment and dependency theories. There follows a discussion of the emergence and the break-down of the Washington consensus. The essay than focuses on the WTO negotiations and the increasing awareness among the WTO member states that the developing and, in particular, the least developed countries, require special concessions and differential treatment in the trade liberalisation talks. The outcomes of the Marrakesh, Singapore, Geneva and Doha meetings are considered in turn to illuminate this growing awareness of the structural difficulties faced by the developing countries in the international trade.

H/P/15. UNHCR's Role in Rebuilding Afghanistan

With the fall of the Taliban following the events of 9/11 and the US led coalition, Afghanistan has turned into the largest, most complicated, and most delicate operation the UN has ever undertaken. In the fifty plus years the UN has been operational, there has not been so broad an operation and therefore there is no precedent whatsoever, thus making the task of rebuilding Afghanistan in a sustainable manner even more difficult. This paper describes the Role of the UNHCR in Rebuilding Afghanistan

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