S/H/123. How did the British win the South African War and who were its principal victims?

The paper examines the British strategy in the war against Boers in South Africa commenting on the destruction of farmhouses, the implementation of "refugee camps" and the resulting rate of mortality in the civilian population. The aftermath of the Boer war for SA and for Britain is examined discussing the issue of concentration camps and guerrilla warfare.

S/S/130. How Stokely Carmichael Became Kwame Ture

The paper examines the life of the black revolutionary Stokely Carmichael discussing his role in the Civil Rights movement in the USA, his ideas of Pan-Africanism, his transformation into Kwame Ture, his activities in Africa and his contribution to African unification.

C/H/24. Why did the European powers divide African continent up with such great speed? How did this partition take place and what conflicts did it bring with it?

The division of Africa came amongst political and economic change in 19th Century Europe. The exterior of Africa had long been colonized by the European powers in respect to the one strong-slave trade, as a route to India and the Middle East and the gold trade. The interior, however, was neglected because it was seen to have no real advantage to the political and economic agendas of Europe. At the end of 19th Century Europe began to transform from traditional cottage industry, farming and merchant based economy to industrialized countries, with mass production. This essay is going to explore the events and motivations behind the partition of Africa and its consequences and conflicts. These conflicts are still seen today with the recent UN Peacekeeping Missions, because the partition of Africa paid no heed to traditional tribal boundaries. Therefore this essay is going to be separated into three sections, which are; the theoretical background to the economic and political background to the partition of Africa; the events and how partition took place; and finally the modern consequences of the partition.

S/H/90. Roots of apartheid in South Africa

The paper reviews historical studies of apartheid focusing on the ideological and economic roots of apartheid in South Africa and discussing different interpretations of the rise of Afrikaner Nationalism.

P/H/96. Economic, cultural and political impacts of colonialism

The paper examines economic, cultural and political impacts of colonialism reviewing academic definitions of ‘colonialism’, the issues related to the development of colonialist countries, and the legacy of colonialism in Africa. The interrelation between economic, cultural and political effects of colonialism is identified.

P/H/20. The causes of the 1992 famine in Somalia

The paper analyses the historical, political and economic background of the 1992 famine in Somalia. The theories of famine, namely, Sen's 'entitlement' theory and De Waals 'health crisis' theory are outlined, compared and applied to the situation in Somalia. The paper argues that International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank, as well as the cold war between the USSR and the USA must bare some responsibility for the huge death toll from starvation in Somalia.

H/H/13. The Role of Gender in African Societies (1800-Present)

The last couple hundred years or so has been a period of very dramatic changes and adjustments for African societies. From the impact of the end of the slave trade, which involved many African societies, to the beginning, and oppressive regimes of colonialism, to the end of the European domination and independence for these African countries, it seems very difficult to imagine another period of history, especially African history, where there were so many dramatic changes over such a relatively short period of time. One change that gets left out and not many people talk about very often is the very dramatic changes that occurred in the role of gender, specifically women, over this time period and their different roles played in society.

H/H/10. African History: African Nationalist Movements

Many historians, most of them African, black, or Marxist scholars, especially development and underdevelopment theorists, maintain the belief that the period of colonialism had and has had no positive impact whatsoever on Africa and that the negative aspects of colonialism have had lasting effects that can still be seen today. A good way to determine which side may be more correct than the other is to discuss African life under colonial rule, the African nationalist efforts to gain independence, and life after independence. By doing this one can see a comparison between colonial life and life after independence to determine if the leaders of the nationalist movements were successful in attaining their goals of the anti-colonial struggle. Two good examples to discuss and compare in resolving this debate is Kenya and the Congo. While they are both very different from each other, they also share some common ground with which to compare and contrast them.

H/H/11. African History: Ancient African Trade Routes

This paper explores the Ancient African Trade Routes