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(2005, 1000 words)
The paper examines the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in the context of the Heckscher-Ohlin theorem about international trade. The assumptions behind the theorem are applied to the trade between the USA, Canada and Mexico pointing out the flaws of the NAFTA treaty.
(2005, 3500 words)
The paper seeks to answer the question why developing countries (DCs) are attracted to join World Trade Organisation (WTO) despite the toughening of the international trade regulations. The reasons behind the WTO shift for stricter regulations are discussed in the context of international policy; the benefits of capitalisation with a more rule-based system are argued; comparison between WTO and General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is drawn; the need of WTO for DCs is highlighted.
(2005, 1000 words)
It is often believed that removal of MFA will only benefit the developing countries. This essay outlines potential benefits to the developed countries. Moreover, it argues that no all of the developing countries will benefit.
(2005, 2000 words)
This paper tends to explain the importance of economic theories of trade based on the concept of comparative advantage. Evaluates the contribution of classical and new trade theories, such as intra-industry and monopolistic theories in order to understand the international trade.
(2005, 2000 words)
The paper relates to international trade discussing the theory of comparative advantage that is dominated by large countries but benefits small countries as well. The overview of theories in international trade beginning with David Ricardo is given. The paper demonstrates how large and small countries relate within a trading system giving an the example of cheese and wine trade between France and Switzerland. The author analyses the benefits that the emergence of World Trade Organisation (WTO) bought about, but argues that the rules of WTO are often designed by the °western governments and do not always work well for the rest of the world.
(2004, 1500 words)
The paper explains the Heckscher-Ohlin model of international trade using production possibility frontiers and community indifference curves. Paper discusses the Leontief's empirical test of the Heckscher-Ohlin model and the merits of various explanations put forward to resolve the "Leontief paradox".
(2004, 1500 words)
The paper explains with the aid of Community indifference Curves and the production possibility frontiers how a country can gain from international trade and also a paper discusses what other possible gains from trade are and whether there are other than the gains from exchange and specialisation
(2004, 2000 words)
The paper examines the role of WTO in International trade, the key principles of the WTO and the way they affect the liberalisation of the International trade. The discussion presents the organisation is the major non-governmental body that promotes free trade among nations and facilitates multilateral trade negotiations. In order to highlight the real life role of the organisation in the promotion of its key principles, a certain ASEAN country was chosen. On the basis of the analysis of its export and import structure and FDI flows the paper shows the positive impact of WTO arrangements on the economic development of the country.
(2004, 4000 words)
The essay looks at Fair Trade and describes how this attempts to address the poverty issues of small producers through the payment of a 'fair price' for their goods and the provision of support services for producer organisations. The essay pertains that although Fair Trade is overwhelmingly identified with the 'fair price' paid by participating importers and buyers, sketching the possible avenues of impact reveal that many of the effects of Fair Trade on the quality of life of producers are felt through the organisational development supported by Fair Trade organisations. This essay carefully explores how some of the creative problem solving elements can be used to resolve the problems encountered in the Mexican coffee industry.
(2004, 3500 words)
This essays looks at the definition of the Fair Trade; The goals of Fair Trade and brings up the argument surrounding the fair trade. Secondly essay looks at the Fair Trade Activities and problems they are attempting to resolve. Lastly, essay provides detailed analysis of The Ghana cocoa case study from the point of view of fair trade.
(2004, 2500 words)
In the sequential order the paper explain the necessary steps, which make part of any international transaction. In this case the paper describes the order of conclusion and implementation of the hypothetical commercial deal between Russian and Chinese firms. The commercial deal is concluded on the DAF delivery terms with the use of the irrevocable letter of credit. In the light of these two conditions the paper covers the obligations of a buyer and seller and the involvement of third parties during the contract implementation.
(2003, 2500 words)
The paper using appropriate resources identifies five of the most recent trade disputes brought forward to the World Trade Organisation. Then selects one of the identified trade disputes, discusses the underlying policy issues involved and explains them by way of relevant economic theory.
(2004, 2600 words)
Ricardian and Heckscher-Ohlin approaches, although rather different in many respects, are strongly in support of a free trade theory. The paper compares and contrasts the two models along the following lines: assumptions, predictions, empirical evidence, normative implications and their 'fruitfulness' in terms of further work.
(2003, 1900 words)
The paper analyses the recent trade disputes and arguments around the international trade of cotton.
(2003, 2800 words)
The paper analyses the Trade Integration for a Latin American Countries and discusses whether it is important only if it is carried out with a developed country.
(2003, 2500 words)
The paper provides an analysis of the export-base theory of regional economic change, as applied to the economy of Scotland over the last 100 years.
(2004, 1050 words)
The paper discuss the Statement that in most respect 'The World Trade Organisation is NOT an Independent Body but is in Fact Just an Extension of United States Commercial and Trade Protectionist Policies'
(2004, 2500 words)
The paper discusses whether the Large Expansion of International Trade in the sixteenth century played a significant role in the diverging development of East and West Europe in subsequent periods
(2003, 1500 words)
The paper briefly discusses and analyses the Doha Round's negotiations and agreements
(2002, 2500 words)
Conclusion
In conclusion we have seen that protectionist policies are controversial as they can lead to lower welfare in the long run whilst trying to improve terms of trade. A clear example of free trade being better is the case of Canada , whose welfare is 8.6% better off than it was before the NAFTA agreement. There are larger gains to be materialised through trade liberalisation and not protection. Krugman argues ÄThere is still a good case for free trade, and as a useful target in the practical world of politicsŽ. Taxes on goods can lead to adverse effects, especially for the poor, so it is better to aim for the goal of free trade. With technological advancements and free mobility of financial capital, globalisation of the world economy has led to an increase of °freer trade, and an increase of GNP. Unfortunately Pareto optimality is very difficult to attain, as such there are many theoretical grounds for intervention, but the majority of times the welfare will be lower under intervention.
(2003, 2700 words)
This paper was prepared as an exam preparation on International trade. it covers following points: Definition and overview, Measures to Control Imports, The Exchange Rates and the Devaluation, The Balance of Payments, The Balance of Payments Problems, example: The UK Balance of Payments.
(2003, 1400 words)
This paper is about the EU, its major policies, the key objectives, legislations, instruments for implementing those policies, who the members are, and the institutions involved in the implementation of the trade goals.
(2003, 1800 words)
This paper examines the relevance of free trade principle for economic growth in less developed countries and illustrates an answer with the help of Sachs and Warner data provided.
(2003, 1600 words)
International trade affects the economy such that it increases the Aggregate Demand (AD) as well as becoming a source of inputs for production. International trade based on the theory of comparative advantage will improve efficiency in allocating resources, as well as allow firms to reach economies of scale, thereby reaching competitive prices of international markets. When an economy involves itself in trade, under the right circumstances, it is able to shift the Production Possibility Curve (PPC) curve outward, and achieve greater levels of output. This increase in production can be achieved through the use of more resources and through the means of using the resources of labor, capital and land more efficiently, which international trade is also involved in. This increase in production is known as economic growth, which signifies economic development as well. Despite of its negative effects, international trade greatly improves the standard of life for people.
(2003, 2000 words)
(2002, 2000 words)
Conclusion:
In the end, the question of whether FTAs help or hinder the multilateral process is improvable because of the many variables that affect the emergence of FTAs and the conclusion of multilateral rounds. There is not a large body of scholarly analysis on this matter. It is worth noting, however, that there is not a great deal of empirical evidence that FTAs in the aggregate have been harmful, and there are strong arguments that FTAs are not just helpful in themselves, but are also useful steps on a path to broader liberalization.
(2003, 700 words)
Theoretical paper, useful guideline for exam preparation
(2002, 2000 words)
Conclusion
The market system as a path towards solving the world food problem can be seen to have failed, and by its nature will continue to do so. It is a myth that poverty, hence hunger, can be eradicated through free market economics and capitalist ideals, as they require an exploited class of people to function effectively. Free markets are as organised as controlled markets; those with the power and money to dictate international prices and extract crippling debt repayments from countries (people), used systematically as a source of cheap labour and raw materials, can continue to do so for as long as they wish; providing of course they are capable of easing their consciences, which is why we have to have comic relief, I suppose.
(2003, 1400 words)
This essay will begin by setting the Heckscher-Ohlin model of international trade. I will use this model to explain its main predictions. The model predicts that an economy will have a comparative advantage in the production of goods that are intensive in the factors with which they are abundantly endowed. This comparative advantage will enable the country to export goods that use these factors intensively in production. Another important prediction the model makes is that of complete factor price equalisation between countries that are trading partners. The essay will attempt to prove this.
(2003, 3100 words)
This essay will first explain the Ricardian model of comparative advantage. It will then draw on the specific factors model in order to discuss the effects of international trade on the distribution of income within a country. Free trade has always been the "sacred cow of economists"; they believe that all countries gain from trade. Why then, is there so much opposition to free trade? This essay will demonstrate that although countries gain on the aggregate, trade does have a substantial effect on the distribution of income within a country. Although true, this may not be a strong enough reason to restrict free trade; other alternatives may be more efficient.
(2003, 3000 words)
The purpose of the following essay is to understand the role of the international trade in the developing of the Third World economies using the comparative advantage theory.
(2003, 3000 words)
This paper provides overview and comparison of two Non-tariff Barrier Measures, how they affect the domestic price of the imported goods and which measure is more effective.
(2003, 3900 words)
This paper outlines each of the competitive models of trade, from the comparative advantage to the specific factors and the Hecksher-Ohlin model. It highlights the key differences between the models and then goes on to reconcile them. Finally, the paper highlights the key criticism of the H-O model and offers a solution to this problem (citing key works from Leontief and Wood). This is a post-graduate style essay, but is applicable to all levels of study within the international trade context.
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