Browse our collection of papers in
Economies of Transition
C/F/601. Causes of bad loans problem in transition economies: case study of Kazakhstan
- WORDS:
- 2200
- DATE:
- 2009
- PRICE:
- 29.99 GBP
The paper examines the factors that brought about the emergence of bad loans crises in economies in transition with the focus on Kazakhstan. Literature is reviewed on the history and background of the bad loans problem. Analysis is conducted of statistical data on the devaluation of real-estate and property prices over 2005-2008. The behaviour of Kazakhstan’s banks is discussed.
KEYWORDS: Kazakhstan, bad loans, banks, real-estate, property prices, deposits,
C/E/14. Economies of Transition. What are the main causes of the recession following transition? Are they avaidable? Movement from plan to market economy
- WORDS:
- 2100
- DATE:
- 2001
- PRICE:
- 29.99 GBP
Conclusion As I have proved all the post-socialist countries go into recession. It happens due to change of the economic structure and transformation from the supply regulated economy to the demand one. On the macro level unemployment rises and inflation becomes hyper. The economy is pulled down. This is where budget deficit increases, but investment into the post-transition economy from World Funds can make things easier for the country. Moving to the new market, production sector firms have to adjust and new firms pointed towards service sector should appear. This takes time. Firms are pushed to new undeveloped market they are not ready for. Specificity of the regulated by 'Plan' socialist economy means that there are no skills firms have to survive on their own, even to survive competition at all without government support. Another trouble the investment subsidies for the money-loosing firms become hard to achieve, as there is no money giveaway from government funds any longer. Unemployment is rising, number of people who is ready to pay for the goods falling, aggregate demand is falling and economy dives into inevitable recession.
KEYWORDS: economies, transition, main, causes, recession, following, transition, avaidable, movement, plan, market, economy,
C/E/144. Do the exits from communism of small, newly independent states leaving communist federation, such as Estonia and Slovenia, show special features not found in the 'revolutions of '89'? Can Regime change in these societies be adequately explained u
- WORDS:
- 3200
- DATE:
- 2007
- PRICE:
- 39.99 GBP
Both Estonia and Slovenia's separation goals were to become part of another regional union after leaving the Communist bloc, however these unions were based on individualism, human rights, democracy, and a strong economy. This makes sense because in a growing global economy to be an individual state would be a death sentence, which is illustrated by the following degradation of the Communist World to a few individual states today in the world, whilst the growth of the EU amounts to 27 in the region. The argument is that Estonian and Slovenian approach of embracing globalization and a global society has made transition easier than those countries with fractured nationalist groups that are resisting integration, e.g. Hungary, Poland and the Czech Republic.
KEYWORDS: exits, communism, small, newly, independent, leaving, communist, federation, estonia, slovenia, special, features, found, revolutions, regime, change, societies, adequately, explained,
C/E/103. Transitional Economies
- WORDS:
- 1200
- DATE:
- 2006
- PRICE:
- 19.99 GBP
This paper gives a brief introduction into the main issues of transitional economies. Discusses the social welfare aspects, economic globalisation, market economy, laissez-faire, transitional economies policies, privatization and investments.
KEYWORDS: transitional, economies,
C/E/121. Transitional economies and economic globalisation. Empirical evidence from Central Europe and Commonwealth of Independent States Countries
- WORDS:
- 5000
- DATE:
- 2006
- PRICE:
- 59.99 GBP
The main purpose of this paper is to provide an assessment of empirical evidence on the effects of globalization for developing economies. The paper is focused on the following questions: Does globalization promote economic growth in developing countries? What are the effects of the financial integration and trade liberalization on economic growth in emerging markets? Which economic model can better accommodate needs of the developing countries? The empirical discussion is based on recent developments in Eastern European and Commonwealth of Independent States Countries and provides a thorough overview of transition period and recent economic development in the region.
KEYWORDS: Transitional economies, globalisation, Eastern Europe Commonwealth of Independent Sta,
C/E/124. Transitional economies and economic globalisation. Empirical evidence from Central Europe and Commonwealth of Independent States Countries
- WORDS:
- 4000
- DATE:
- 2006
- PRICE:
- 49.99 GBP
The main purpose of this paper is to provide an assessment of empirical evidence on the effects of globalization for developing economies. The paper is focused on the following questions: Does globalization promote economic growth in developing countries? What are the effects of the financial integration and trade liberalization on economic growth in emerging markets? Which economic model can better accommodate needs of the developing countries? The empirical discussion is based on recent developments in Eastern European and Commonwealth of Independent States Countries and provides a thorough overview of transition period and recent economic development in the region.
KEYWORDS: Transitional economies, globalisation, Eastern Europe Commonwealth of Independent Sta,
C/E/127. Transitional Economies
- WORDS:
- 1200
- DATE:
- 2006
- PRICE:
- 19.99 GBP
This paper gives a brief introduction into the main issues of transitional economies. Discusses the social welfare aspects, economic globalisation, market economy, laissez-faire, transitional economies policies, privatization and investments.
KEYWORDS: transitional, economies,
C/E/128. Critically review Russian economy from Planned to Market economy with a particular focus on Russian consumers' major purchasing changes/behaviour
- WORDS:
- 2000
- DATE:
- 2006
- PRICE:
- 29.99 GBP
The essay looks at a number of aspects of the Soviet economy and then explains changes that took place and how they affected the consumers. Some of the aspects include: range and priority of the consumer products in the economy, variety of brands and advertisement, locations where goods could be bought and how the customers were treated. The work includes a number of diagrams and is clearly referenced.
KEYWORDS: Soviet, consumer, location, range, behaviour, economy, Russia, privatisation,
C/E/97. What factors contributed to the collapse of Soviet Union? Was the collapse inevitable?
- WORDS:
- 2000
- DATE:
- 2006
- PRICE:
- 29.99 GBP
The essay looks at two views: the voluntarists - who believe that the Soviet Union would have not collapsed if Gorbachev did not come to power, and essentialists - who believe that Soviet Union had to collapse due to the abnormality of the regime. A number of different arguments are provided to defend both sides of the story. Some of the factors are challenged, such as: Can spreading corruption lead to the collapse of the regime? Does extensive military spending contributes to economic growth more then if deteriorate the standard of consumer goods? Etc.
KEYWORDS: factors, contributed, collapse, soviet, union, collapse, inevitable,
C/E/98. The development of the banking sector in the transitional economies prior to the 1998 financial crisis
- WORDS:
- 2000
- DATE:
- 2006
- PRICE:
- 29.99 GBP
This essay identifies that the banking sector had an abnormally large growth in the first years of transition, fuelled by hyper inflation and favourable exchange rates. The number of banks grew to 2,400 in 1994, however not many of them fulfilled the ?normal? bank role. Their main activity was speculating. The essay discusses the reasons why the Russian 1998 crisis was caused by the banking sector and also provides references to other transitional countries.
KEYWORDS: development, banking, sector, transitional, economies, prior, financial, crisis,
C/E/91. Level and type of capital inflows into Poland. How have they responded as the financial and economic conditions in Poland changed?
- WORDS:
- 2500
- DATE:
- 2005
- PRICE:
- 29.99 GBP
The deregulation of Polish market, as the Soviet Union was coming to an end, opened up an opportunity for capital flows to enter the country. There are a number of factors that attract capital into a country, such as high interest rates, stable economic policy, stable exchange rate, low inflation etc. However, the amount of capital may not be the most important factor, when the quality is low. The essay primarily looks at the economic factors that attracted capital into Poland, and then identifies the difference between hot money and FDI. It is argued that hot money does not bring long term benefits to the country, as it has an ability to leave quickly, possibly even causing financial crises. The impact of Polish EU membership is also considered. The essay is supported by numerous graphs and quotes from well known economists.
KEYWORDS: level, type, capital, inflows, poland, responded, financial, economic, conditions, poland, changed,
C/E/92. How well has the Eurozone performed over the last 3 years? What roles did the European governments and European Bank play in this performance?
- WORDS:
- 1300
- DATE:
- 2005
- PRICE:
- 19.99 GBP
Eurozone was created in 2002, and consists of 12 countries. In order to become a member, each one of those countries had to comply with Stability and Growth Pact. The aim of creating the Eurozone was to increase the economic potential of all of the counties involved, however since its creation nearly all of the countries involved have seen a dramatic decrease in their GDP growth. Moreover individual countries government debt saw dramatic changes, as well as balance of payments and other economic indicators. The essay outlines all of the economic indicators that saw changes, and analyses the reasons for those changes (supported by graphs and tables). The roles of the European Governments and European Bank are described and detailed analysis is provided to outline which one was to ?blame? for each non-performing economic indicator.
KEYWORDS: eurozone, performed, years, roles, european, governments, european, bank, play, performance,
P/E/207. Eastern and Western Germany: closing productivity gap
- WORDS:
- 1000
- DATE:
- 2005
- PRICE:
- 19.99 GBP
The paper examines the processes that took place after the unification of Germany in 1990. The challenges accompanying the integration of the centrally planned economy of Eastern Germany with the market economy of Western Germany are discussed. Conclusions are made about the difficulties in closing the productivity gap between the two parts of the country.
KEYWORDS: eastern, western, germany, closing, productivity, gap,
P/E/267. Successes and challenges of transition economies
- WORDS:
- 2500
- DATE:
- 2005
- PRICE:
- 29.99 GBP
The paper addresses the issues of economic growth convergence in transition countries, including Balkan states, the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and Central Asian states. Factors crucial to successful convergence and major economic and political concerns, or ‘second generation challenges, are identified.
KEYWORDS: successes, challenges, transition, economies,
P/E/313. Objectives and goals of transition economies
- WORDS:
- 1500
- DATE:
- 2005
- PRICE:
- 19.99 GBP
The paper addresses the issues of economic transition identifying and analysing its core objectives and instrumental goals. Examples of the difference between the two notions are drawn from the policies of Central and Eastern European countries.
KEYWORDS: objectives, goals, transition, economies,
P/E/315. Dissertation. Impacts of sovereign credit ratings on transition economies (with focus on Serbia)
- WORDS:
- 10000
- DATE:
- 2005
- PRICE:
- 109.99 GBP
The dissertation aims to analyse how sovereign credit ratings (SCR) and the access to international capital markets can influence transition economies arguing that SCR can speed up economic growth. A review of literature covers the issues of capital markets, countries financial risks, international capital flows, FDI, financial liberalization, etc. An overview is given of transitional economies that received credit rating in 1990s including Croatia, El Salvador, Tunisia, Thailand, etc. A case study of Serbia is conducted to show the effects of the international credit rating on its economy and work out a development plan for the countrys sustainable economic growth.
KEYWORDS: dissertation, impacts, sovereign, credit, ratings, transition, economies, with, focus, serbia,
S/E/53. Discuss the challenges facing economies in transition and assess their current progress
- WORDS:
- 3000
- DATE:
- 2005
- PRICE:
- 39.99 GBP
In this paper we talk about how individual policies and decision making that ultimately dictates the long term progress of economic in transition, as Gedeon (1993:168) emphasises. With the introduction of monetary policy as a tool of management, there must also be policies which provide a guiding hand in the labour market and relieve enterprises from the agony of considering the social costs of unemployment. How a national government chooses to tackle the various issues facing the economy is vitally important and exists completely independent of foreign aid and debt recovery packages. Political reform, especially the paradigm of liberalisation, is central to the progress of transition. As Glebocki and Rogacki (2002:55) indicate using the example of Poland, the countries that most embraced this maxim are now seeing the greatest benefits.
KEYWORDS: discuss, challenges, facing, economies, transition, assess, current, progress,
C/E/39. What were the Major Factors Contributing to the Collapse of Soviet-Type Economies?
- WORDS:
- 2015
- DATE:
- 2004
- PRICE:
- 29.99 GBP
The following essay attempts to identify the major factors that caused the collapse of Soviet-type economies. The reasons and causes of the collapse of Soviet-Type Economies go deeply to the history of USSR, therefore to answer on the essay question, it will be firstly analysed the main reason caused the collapse of the Soviet Union. Secondly, the factors contributing the collapse of the Eastern Europe and other countries with Soviet-Type Economies will be discussed. Lastly, the major factors contributing to the collapse of Soviet-Type Economies will be summarised
KEYWORDS: major, factors, contributing, collapse, soviet-type, economies,
C/E/40. Explain Specificities of Competition in Banking and Its Effect on Restructuring of the Banking Systems in Countries of Central and East Europe
- WORDS:
- 1900
- DATE:
- 2004
- PRICE:
- 19.99 GBP
The following report is focused upon the analysis of the specificities of competition in banking and its influence upon the development and restructuring of banking systems in Central and Eastern Europe.
KEYWORDS: explain, specificities, competition, banking, effect, restructuring, banking, systems, countries, central, east, europe,
C/E/42. Recession Vs rapid economic growth: Russia and Argentina Vs China and Ireland
- WORDS:
- 1500
- DATE:
- 2004
- PRICE:
- 19.99 GBP
This paper answers the following questions: Find two countries that have experienced a recession in recent years. Identify the countries and provide evidence for your conclusion. Find two countries that have experienced relatively rapid economic growth in recent years. Identify the countries and provide evidence of your conclusion. For each country, explain in your own words the most important reasons why the economy is doing poorly or why it is doing well. Examples for countries in recession are Russia and Argentina and countries in rapid economic growth are Ireland and China.
KEYWORDS: recession, vs, rapid, economic, growth, russia, argentina, vs, china, ireland,
C/E/46. Discuss the reasons why the different CEE countries adopted different economic reform approaches such as the big bang, shock therapy and gradualist approach, highlighting any problems and difficulties arising along and suggesting the role of Europ
- WORDS:
- 2000
- DATE:
- 2004
- PRICE:
- 29.99 GBP
The following report provides a critical account on the economic transition from communism to capitalism by CEE (Central and Eastern Europe) countries. In particular, the report examines such economic reform approaches as big bang, shock therapy and gradualist approach and their failure or success during the course of adoption by CEE countries. The study also highlights the role of EU and States during the process and concludes upon the current situation and near future.
KEYWORDS: discuss, reasons, cee, countries, adopted, economic, reform, approaches, bang, shock, therapy, gradualist, approach, highlighting, difficulties, arising, suggesting, role, europ,
C/E/47. Dissertation. The loans for shares auctions and the emergence of the Russian oligarchs
- WORDS:
- 10000
- DATE:
- 2004
- PRICE:
- 109.99 GBP
The aim of this Dissertation is to investigate the raison d'etre for the loans for shares auctions and uncover the reasons for such wide-spread dissatisfaction with the results of these auctions, as well as with privatisation generally, in the Russian public. Chapter 1 will look back to the origins of policies of privatisation in Russia, to 1990-91, exploring political resistance to these policies and their justifications by the Russian reformers. Chapter 2 will explain how the voucher privatisation was carried out in 1992-1994. Chapter 3 will discuss the political situation in Russia in 1994 and 1995, particularly, the political backlash on the part of the communists and nationalists against privatisation and reforms. Chapter 4 will explore how, in light of political pressure from the left, Yeltsin's government made deals with selected businessmen, which materialized in the loans of shares scheme in late 1995. The chapter will dwell on some of the actual auctions, which took place mainly in late 1995 - the cases of Sidanko, Norilsk Nikel and Yukos to analyse the conflicts of interest among businessmen and criticism of the deals on the part of the opposition. The Conclusion will offer some suggestions as to whether the emergence of oligarchs was inevitable outcome of the Russian reforms, or whether Russia could have followed a different model of development. The paper relies primarily on Russian sources: journal and newspaper articles, interviews with key policy-makers, and published memoirs.
KEYWORDS: dissertation, loans, shares, auctions, emergence, russian, oligarchs,
C/E/48. Dissertation. Transition from Planned to Market Economy: A Critical Review of Russian Economy
- WORDS:
- 10000
- DATE:
- 2004
- PRICE:
- 109.99 GBP
More than ten years ago, in 1991, the Russian Federation declared its independence and became a sovereign and democratic state. In January 1991 the Russian Government announced the transition process from centrally-planed to market economy and started implementing the 'Shock Therapy' programme. The following dissertation analyses the 'Shock Therapy' programme. Moreover, the thesis attempts to identify the main outcomes of the transition process in Russia, and discusses why the reforms were so arduous. The results of the research revealed that the outcomes of such reforms were outrageous and terrified: the GDP has been falling, unemployment rate has been increasing, and poverty and difference between rich and poor have been growing. Moreover, the research disclosed that such terrified results and arduous transition process were caused by different factors such as bad luck, bad policies, and bad institutions.
KEYWORDS: dissertation, transition, planned, market, economy, critical, review, russian, economy,
P/E/235. Privatization programs in transition economies
- WORDS:
- 2000
- DATE:
- 2004
- PRICE:
- 29.99 GBP
The paper investigates the role of privatization programs implemented over the period of transition from centrally planned economies to free market economies in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union focusing on Russian and Czech privatization experiences. Various methods of privatization are discussed including restitution, participation in auctions, etc. The main obstacles in achieving social equality, government revenue generation and effective corporate governance are outlined.
KEYWORDS: privatization, programs, transition, economies,
S/E/28. What were the major weaknesses of the Soviet economic system?
- WORDS:
- 1220
- DATE:
- 2004
- PRICE:
- 19.99 GBP
This essay looks at the major weaknesses of the Soviet Economic System. It refers largely to the unreformed Soviet economic system between 1928 and the late 1950's. It ignores the special circumstances of the Second World War.
KEYWORDS: major, weaknesses, soviet, economic, system,
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