S/H/14. How does the archaeological record reflect a difference in mentality or 'intelligence' of Neanderthals and modern humans?

The hotly debated questions surrounding the difference between these two populations, who lived alongside each other for thousands of years yet display markedly different records, is investigated in this essay. The developments that occurred in the Upper Palaeolithic, such as art and symbolism, are reviewed here with examples and are explained not as a reflection of mental capacities on the part of modern humans, but simply a difference in strategies. Through this, the argument is made that Neanderthals were not mentally inferior.